Publications

During a national workshop in Bolivia, on the 16thof February 2012 respectively, preliminary results were presented of a feasibility study conducted for a national biodigester programme in this country. Significant lessons were learned evaluating former projects, for example, the absence of a market-based approach and the lack of follow-up in general (e.g. capacity building, technical assistance, monitoring, evaluation and R&D), confirming the importance of a comprehensive approach in formulating and rolling out a national biodigester programme. 

Participants of the workshop include representatives from government bodies, private sector companies, financial institutions, universities, research institutes, NGOs and international cooperation. They extensively discussed the findings of the feasibility studies, agreeing on the main conclusions and demonstrating that sufficient institutional capacity is present to develop a national biodigester programme in Bolivia. 

To adopt a sustainable market-based approach, it was concluded that crucial support functions need to be developed. Capacity building, technical assistance, quality control and research and development were all identified, among others, as necessary programme functions, while the importance of standardised, validated technologies was stressed. At the same time, the overall low investment capacity and/or access to credit facilities for rural households in Bolivia is limited, particularly in the Andean region. This calls for area specific intervention strategies with differentiated subsidy levels in order to reduce investment barriers and promote the application of renewable energy.

During a national workshop in Peru, on the 15th of February 2012 respectively, preliminary results were presented of a feasibility study conducted for a national biodigester programme in this country. Significant lessons were learned evaluating former projects, for example, the absence of a market-based approach and the lack of follow-up in general (e.g. capacity building, technical assistance, monitoring, evaluation and R&D), confirming the importance of a comprehensive approach in formulating and rolling out a national biodigester programme.

Participants of the workshop include representatives from government bodies, private sector companies, financial institutions, universities, research institutes, NGOs and international cooperation. They extensively discussed the findings of the feasibility studies, agreeing on the main conclusions and demonstrating that sufficient institutional capacity is present to develop a national biodigester programme in Peru.

To adopt a sustainable market-based approach, it was concluded that crucial support functions need to be developed. Capacity building, technical assistance, quality control and research and development were all identified, among others, as necessary programme functions, while the importance of standardised, validated technologies was stressed. At the same time, the overall low investment capacity and/or access to credit facilities for rural households in Peru is limited, particularly in the Andean region. This calls for area specific intervention strategies with differentiated subsidy levels in order to reduce investment barriers and promote the application of renewable energy.

Este informe presenta los resultados de un estudio de factibilidad para un Programa Nacional de Biodigestores familiares en Perú. Los biodigestores a nivel doméstico buscan la introducción del uso de biogás en zonas rurales, como una fuente alternativa y limpia para la cocción de alimentos en reemplazo de la leña, mientras que el sub producto del biol sirve para incrementar la productividad para así aumentar los ingresos de pequeños agricultores rurales. Con el lanzamiento de un Programa Nacional de Biodigestores, construyéndose a partir de las experiencias ya presentes en el país, se busca alcanzar la escala necesaria y el desarrollo de un sector con un enfoque basado en el mercado, asegurando la sostenibilidad del mismo. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo a petición de Hivos y fue ejecutado por SNV en alianza con Soluciones Prácticas.

Este informe presenta los resultados de un estudio de factibilidad para un Programa Nacional de Biodigestores familiares en Bolivia. Los biodigestores a nivel doméstico buscan la introducción del uso de biogás en zonas rurales, como una fuente alternativa y limpia para la cocción de alimentos 

en reemplazo de la leña, mientras que el sub producto del biol sirve para incrementar la productividad para así aumentar los ingresos de pequeños agricultores rurales. Con el lanzamiento de un Programa Nacional de Biodigestores, construyéndose a partir de las experiencias ya presentes en el país, se busca alcanzar la escala necesaria y el desarrollo de un sector con un enfoque basado en el mercado, asegurando la sostenibilidad del mismo. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo a petición de Hivos y fue ejecutado por SNV en alianza con Soluciones Prácticas y el Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE, España), este último con una larga experiencia en biodigestores a nivel doméstico en Bolivia.

This document, written in Spanish, presents a feasibility study conducted by SNV of the introduction of a domestic biogas programme in Honduras.

The study concludes that there is a big potential for the production of biogas in Honduras, but the introduction of a domestic biogas programme does not seem feasible right away. The lack of payment in rural areas (most digesters are subsidized), the absence of detailed information on the geographical potential of biogas production, the absence of knowledge about the current fuel wood consumption and domestic energy costs for rural households, generate doubts about the potential success of a national program of domestic biogas. However, the study found items that should be taken into consideration in the near future to verify the feasibility or a program.

The study concludes with main recommendations in which is stated that it is recommended to conduct a study of one to two years, which clarifies and corroborate the geographical distribution of the potential market for biogas production, obtains more reliable information on fuel wood consumption, identifies target groups. Amongst others based on this extra information you could implement a project to support the construction of 150 biogas digesters in conjunction with the Association Honduran Coffee Producers (AHPROCAFE) and the Foundation Merendon. Further, the most adequate financial mechanisms need to be defined, as well as the payment capacity of potential beneficiaries and the availability of rural credit.

This document presents a feasibility study conducted by SNV of the introduction of a domestic biogas programme in Nicaragua. The study concludes that the introduction of a domestic biogas programme in Nicaragua is feasible taken some factors into account. Those factors are described in the report.

The study recommends that the programme should be presented to actors, institutions and local NGO’s that could be interested in playing an important role in the implementation of the project. Further, it recommends that the mechanism of implementation and institutionalisation of a potential biogas programme should be defined. Also a proper operational plan should be formulated with the potential strategic partners of the programme. Lastly, it is important to define potential donors to co-finance the programme.

The report contains 9 chapters. After the introduction chapter 2 and 3 present the history and history of biogás of the country. Chapter 4 presents the methodology and the objectives. Chapter 5 looks at the market potential, while chapter 6 elaborates on the technical, socoal, environmental, economic and financial feasibility. Chapter 7 presents the justification and chapter 8 identifies the areas to start with and presents a suggested programme. Lastly, chapter 9 presents the conclusions and recommendations.

Este documento tiene como principal objetivo orientar a las organizaciones que trabajen con pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) -empresas en diversos sectores de la economía, tales como los pequeños productores del sector agrícola, agroindustrial o forestal- a nivel centroamericano, para que puedan identificar oportunidades en el mercado de carbono para el desarrollo de proyectos de pequeña escala de mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI).

This factsheet contains information on SNV's improved cookstoves around the globe, as well as its partnership in the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, a public private initiative led by the UN Foundation.

This publication is a joint effort of the Ministry of Energy of the Government of Chile, the United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture, and the United Nations Program for Development, to support the use and promotion of renewable energy.

1. PROCESOS DE BIODIGESTIÓN

1.1 Digestión aeróbica

1.2 Digestión anaeróbica

2. FUNDAMENTOS DE LA FERMENTACIÓN METANOGÉNICA

2.1 Etapas de la fermentación metanogénica

2.2 Microorganismos involucrados en cada fase de digestión anaeróbica

2.3 Beneficios ambientales de la biodigestión anaeróbica

3. FACTORES DETERMINANTES EN EL PROCESO METANOGÉNICO

(PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOGÁS)

3.1 Naturaleza y composición bioquímica de materias primas

3.2 Relación carbono/nitrógeno de las materias primas

3.3 Niveles de sólidos totales y sólidos volátiles

3.4 Temperatura

3.5 Tiempo de retención hidráulico (TRH) y velocidad de carga orgánica

3.6 Rangos de pH y alcalinidad

3.7 Nutrientes (niveles de sales

3.8 Potencial redox

3.9 Tóxicos e inhibidores de la metanogénesis

3.10 Promotores de la metanogénesis (inoculantes biológicos)

4. USOS DEL BIOGÁS

4.1 Principios de la combustión

4.2 Aplicaciones del biogás

4.3 Purificación o acondicionamiento del biogás

4.4 Artefactos y adaptaciones necesarias

5. USOS DEL RESIDUO BIOFERMENTADO O LODOS DE

DIGESTIÓN Y DE LOS EFLUENTES

5. 1. Acondicionador

5.2. Biofertilizante

5.3 Lodos de digestión anaeróbica

5.4 Efluentes del biodigestor

5.5 Usos de bioabono para recuperación de suelos degradados

6. TIPO Y GESTIÓN DE BIODIGESTORES

6.1 Componentes de un digestor anaeróbico

6.2 Configuraciones de un reactor anaeróbico para la producción de bioenergía

6.3 Clasificación de los bioreactores o biodigestores anaeróbicos

6.4 Digestor de mezcla completa

6.5 Otros sistemas

7. PRINCIPALES DIGESTORES EN EL MEDIO RURAL

7.1. Modelo Chino

7.2. Modelo Indiano

7.3 Biodigestores Horizontales

7.4 Digestor Batch (discontinuo o régimen estacionario)

7.5 Otros tipos de biodigestores

7.6 Consideraciones de construcción y estimación de costos

8. TECNOLOGÍA DEL BIOGAS: FUNCIONAMIENTO Y

ESQUEMA OPERATIVO DE UN BIODIGESTOR

8.1 Cálculos de cargas en función de materias primas

8.2 Capacidad de la planta de biogás

8.3 Localización y diseño del digestor

8.4 Etapa de arranque

8.5 Etapa de operación

8.6 Mantención

8.7 Estudio de caso

The Regional Environment Programme in Central America (PREMACA) has been promoting the design and validation of a prototype for the production of bioethanol, biogas and bio-fertilizers from wastes of wet milling of coffee, as an ideal complement to close the production cycle for eco-enterprises and mitigate the negative environmental effects of this crop production and, in turn, generate revenue. This paper presents the results of that effort, presenting a technical and methodological proposal for replication and scalability of the prototype, which has been validated in Marcala as an eco-business of coffee.

Este Documento desarrolla un plan operativo y económico para desarrollar un PNB en Bolivia. La base para este documento está en el 'Estudio de factibilidad de un PNB en Bolivia' (Anexo), de donde se extraen los datos, actores, y sinergias.

Los objetivos y metas numéricas se han planteado a partir de las experiencias de otros PNBs en el mundo y adaptándolas a la realidad boliviana.

Este documento desarrolla un plan operativo y económico para desarrollar un Plan Nacional de Biodigestores en Perú. La base de la cual parte este documento es el “Estudio de factibilidad para un programa nacional de biogás doméstico en Perú” (incluido como anexo), de donde se extraen los principales datos, actores y sinergias.

Los objetivos y metas numéricas se han planteado a partir de experiencias realizadas en otros PNB implementados en el mundo y han sido adaptados a la realidad peruana.

In this issue:

• Milestone of 500,000 biodigesters reached
• Africa witnesses 40% increase of biogas plants in 2012
• The Senegal domestic biogas case: A missed opportunity?
• Piloting solid state biodigesters in pastoralist communities in Tanzania
• Official launch of biogas feasibility study report in Zambia
• Ms Zainab Muyobe: ‘the biogas crusader’
• International workshop on domestic biogas
• Biogas Compact Workshop 2013
• Vietnam biogas programme joins global carbon market